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Install Docker Engine on Debian

To get started with Docker Engine on Debian, make sure you
meet the prerequisites, and then follow the
installation steps.

Prerequisites

Firewall limitations

[!WARNING]

Before you install Docker, make sure you consider the following
security implications and firewall incompatibilities.

OS requirements

To install Docker Engine, you need one of these Debian versions:

Docker Engine for Debian is compatible with x86_64 (or amd64), armhf (arm/v7),
arm64, and ppc64le (ppc64el) architectures.

Uninstall old versions

Before you can install Docker Engine, you need to uninstall any conflicting packages.

Your Linux distribution may provide unofficial Docker packages, which may conflict
with the official packages provided by Docker. You must uninstall these packages
before you install the official version of Docker Engine.

The unofficial packages to uninstall are:

Moreover, Docker Engine depends on containerd and runc. Docker Engine
bundles these dependencies as one bundle: containerd.io. If you have
installed the containerd or runc previously, uninstall them to avoid
conflicts with the versions bundled with Docker Engine.

Run the following command to uninstall all conflicting packages:

$ sudo apt remove $(dpkg --get-selections docker.io docker-compose docker-doc podman-docker containerd runc | cut -f1)

apt might report that you have none of these packages installed.

Images, containers, volumes, and networks stored in /var/lib/docker/ aren't
automatically removed when you uninstall Docker. If you want to start with a
clean installation, and prefer to clean up any existing data, read the
uninstall Docker Engine section.

Installation methods

You can install Docker Engine in different ways, depending on your needs:

Apache License, Version 2.0. See LICENSE for the full license.

Install using the apt repository {#install-using-the-repository}

Before you install Docker Engine for the first time on a new host machine, you
need to set up the Docker apt repository. Afterward, you can install and update
Docker from the repository.

  1. Set up Docker's apt repository.

    # Add Docker's official GPG key:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install ca-certificates curl
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
sudo curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/gpg -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

# Add the repository to Apt sources:
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources <<EOF
Types: deb
URIs: https://download.docker.com/linux/debian
Suites: $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")
Components: stable
Architectures: $(dpkg --print-architecture)
Signed-By: /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc
EOF

sudo apt update

    [!NOTE]

    If you use a derivative distribution, such as Kali Linux,
    you may need to substitute the part of this command that's expected to
    print the version codename:

    $(. /etc/os-release && echo "$VERSION_CODENAME")

    Replace this part with the codename of the corresponding Debian release,
    such as bookworm.

  2. Install the Docker packages.

    Latest

To install the latest version, run:

$ sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin

Specific version

To install a specific version of Docker Engine, start by listing the
available versions in the repository:

$ apt list --all-versions docker-ce

docker-ce/bookworm 5:29.4.2-1~debian.12~bookworm <arch>
docker-ce/bookworm 5:29.4.1-1~debian.12~bookworm <arch>
...

Select the desired version and install:

$ VERSION_STRING=5:29.4.2-1~debian.12~bookworm
$ sudo apt install docker-ce=$VERSION_STRING docker-ce-cli=$VERSION_STRING containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
> [!NOTE]
>
> After installation, verify that Docker is running:
>
> ```console
> $ sudo systemctl status docker
> ```
>
> If Docker is not running, start it manually:
>
> ```console
> $ sudo systemctl start docker
> ```

  1. Verify that the installation is successful by running the hello-world image:

    $ sudo docker run hello-world

    This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the
    container runs, it prints a confirmation message and exits.

You have now successfully installed and started Docker Engine.

[!TIP]

Receiving errors when trying to run without root?

The docker user group exists but contains no users, which is why you’re required
to use sudo to run Docker commands. Continue to Linux postinstall
to allow non-privileged users to run Docker commands and for other optional configuration steps.

Upgrade Docker Engine

To upgrade Docker Engine, follow step 2 of the
installation instructions,
choosing the new version you want to install.

Install from a package

If you can't use Docker's apt repository to install Docker Engine, you can
download the deb file for your release and install it manually. You need to
download a new file each time you want to upgrade Docker Engine.

  1. Go to https://download.docker.com/linux/debian/dists/.
  2. Select your Debian version in the list.
  3. Go to pool/stable/ and select the applicable architecture (amd64,
    armhf, arm64, or s390x).

  4. Download the following deb files for the Docker Engine, CLI, containerd,
    and Docker Compose packages:

    • containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb
    • docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

  5. Install the .deb packages. Update the paths in the following example to
    where you downloaded the Docker packages.

    $ sudo dpkg -i ./containerd.io_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-ce_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-ce-cli_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-buildx-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb \
  ./docker-compose-plugin_<version>_<arch>.deb

    [!NOTE]

    After installation, verify that Docker is running:

    $ sudo systemctl status docker

    If Docker is not running, start it manually:

    $ sudo systemctl start docker

  6. Verify that the installation is successful by running the hello-world image:

    $ sudo docker run hello-world

    This command downloads a test image and runs it in a container. When the
    container runs, it prints a confirmation message and exits.

You have now successfully installed and started Docker Engine.

[!TIP]

Receiving errors when trying to run without root?

The docker user group exists but contains no users, which is why you’re required
to use sudo to run Docker commands. Continue to Linux postinstall
to allow non-privileged users to run Docker commands and for other optional configuration steps.

Upgrade Docker Engine

To upgrade Docker Engine, download the newer package files and repeat the
installation procedure, pointing to the new files.

Install using the convenience script

Docker provides a convenience script at
https://get.docker.com/ to install Docker into
development environments non-interactively. The convenience script isn't
recommended for production environments, but it's useful for creating a
provisioning script tailored to your needs. Also refer to the
install using the repository steps to learn
about installation steps to install using the package repository. The source code
for the script is open source, and you can find it in the
docker-install repository on GitHub.

Always examine scripts downloaded from the internet before running them locally.
Before installing, make yourself familiar with potential risks and limitations
of the convenience script:

[!TIP]

Preview script steps before running. You can run the script with the --dry-run option to learn what steps the
script will run when invoked:

$ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
$ sudo sh ./get-docker.sh --dry-run

This example downloads the script from
https://get.docker.com/ and runs it to install the
latest stable release of Docker on Linux:

$ curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com -o get-docker.sh
$ sudo sh get-docker.sh
Executing docker install script, commit: 7cae5f8b0decc17d6571f9f52eb840fbc13b2737
<...>

You have now successfully installed and started Docker Engine. The docker
service starts automatically on Debian based distributions. On RPM based
distributions, such as CentOS, Fedora or RHEL, you need to start it
manually using the appropriate systemctl or service command. As the message
indicates, non-root users can't run Docker commands by default.

Use Docker as a non-privileged user, or install in rootless mode?

The installation script requires root or sudo privileges to install and
use Docker. If you want to grant non-root users access to Docker, refer to the
post-installation steps for Linux.
You can also install Docker without root privileges, or configured to run in
rootless mode. For instructions on running Docker in rootless mode, refer to
run the Docker daemon as a non-root user (rootless mode).

Install pre-releases

Docker also provides a convenience script at
https://test.docker.com/ to install pre-releases of
Docker on Linux. This script is equal to the script at get.docker.com, but
configures your package manager to use the test channel of the Docker package
repository. The test channel includes both stable and pre-releases (beta
versions, release-candidates) of Docker. Use this script to get early access to
new releases, and to evaluate them in a testing environment before they're
released as stable.

To install the latest version of Docker on Linux from the test channel, run:

$ curl -fsSL https://test.docker.com -o test-docker.sh
$ sudo sh test-docker.sh

Upgrade Docker after using the convenience script

If you installed Docker using the convenience script, you should upgrade Docker
using your package manager directly. There's no advantage to re-running the
convenience script. Re-running it can cause issues if it attempts to re-install
repositories which already exist on the host machine.

Uninstall Docker Engine

  1. Uninstall the Docker Engine, CLI, containerd, and Docker Compose packages:

    $ sudo apt purge docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin docker-ce-rootless-extras

  2. Images, containers, volumes, or custom configuration files on your host
    aren't automatically removed. To delete all images, containers, and volumes:

    $ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/docker
$ sudo rm -rf /var/lib/containerd

  3. Remove source list and keyrings

    $ sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.sources
$ sudo rm /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.asc

You have to delete any edited configuration files manually.

Next steps